Are You Missing The Point Of Bond Investing?

If you take a look at any successful portfolio, you will see a mix of stocks and bonds. While perhaps not as sexy as their equity counterparts, the value and importance of bonds is often overlooked by the rags to riches or in many cases, the riches back to rags story of stocks.

Each bond is rated by their risks, and the reward is provided accordingly. Too bad stocks arent rated the same way! This provides a unique advantage over stocks. Also, bonds have a fixed term (2 years, 5 years and 10 years are common terms), at which time, you will get your initial investment back. Another great advantage of investing in bonds is that you will be paid a steady income equal to the return rate. For example, if you were to invest $100 000 in a bond that has a coupon rate of 4% each year, you will receive $4 000 worth of interest payments. During the duration of the term, you get a steady income and you get back your initial investment at the end of it.

Sounds simple, right? Here's where it gets a bit more complicated, but, more profitable. The key is in establishing what is the best strategy when it comes to investing in bonds. The answer of course, is it depends! What types of bonds are you looking at buying? Short term (which are less than 5 years in length of term) usually have a low coupon rate, however, your investment isn't tied up for a longer duration.

This may prove helpful if there is a chance that you may need access to your funds in the case of an emergency, as odds are, you will have a bond maturing around the time you'll need it most. Medium bonds can tie up your money for 5-10 years, while long term bonds can enjoy a term of 10-30 years.

The coupon rate will also vary depending on the credit worthiness. A lower credit rating often means a higher coupon rate (to match the higher risk involved), while a high credit rating is rewarded with a lower coupon rate (and less volatility and risk).

There's more to bond investing than the coupon rate. Since bonds can be bought or sold at any time, very few people hold bonds to their full maturity, and bond funds keep portfolios of bonds with different maturity rates. In general, when the interest rate goes up, the price of an existing bond goes down, because buying a new bond at the higher rate gives a higher rate of return. When the interest rates go down, the bond price of an existing bond goes up, because it gives a higher rate of return than a newly purchased bond would.

The last element of bond investing to look at is the yield of the bond. While its more involved, it is simple to calculate. The yield rate is calculated as the ratio of the annual return of the coupon rate, divided by the current purchase price of the bond. Wow. How about an example: remember our $100 000 bond that was paying us $4000 a year, which gives us a yield of 4%. That of course is presuming its been bought at $100 000. What if it were purchased at $90 000 (due to an increase in the interest rate)? It would still return $4000 per year, however, the yield would be 4.44% ($4 000 / $90 000). Just as the purchase price varies inversely with the interest rates, so will the yield.

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